对患精神病的侵害者不宜实施正当防卫/彭箭
作者:法律资料网 时间:2024-07-23 17:46:33 浏览:9173
来源:法律资料网
下载地址: 点击此处下载
对患精神病的侵害者不宜实施正当防卫
作者：彭箭 江西省吉水县人民法院
人民法院报8月9日第3版刊登《对患精神病的侵害者可否进行正当防卫》一文,该文作者认为:在知道侵害者是精神病人时,应当允许正当防卫。对此,笔者认为:对患精神病的侵害者不宜实施正当防卫。
首先,精神病人对其侵害结果不承担刑事责任是由于精神病会引起精神病人在意识、感知、思维、情感或智能等方面的障碍,导致其丧失辨认自己行为的性质、危害程度、刑事违法性的能力,且丧失控制自己行为的方向、方式、程度的能力。同样,精神病侵害者对防卫人防卫行为的目的、防卫能力，包括体力和心理素质方面等都无法辨认,也无法在该辨认的基础上控制自己的侵害行为,这就无法使防卫人从心理上制止精神病患者的侵害行为,从而达到防卫的目的,而很有可能造成两败俱伤的后果。
其次,精神病患者虽然实施了客观上的危害行为,但其主观上没有罪过;而正当防卫行为属于防卫人的意识、意志行为,虽然其具有合法目的,但正当防卫从其客观表现而言,它在很多情况下应该是积极主动打击不法侵害者,阻止不法侵害行为继续进行的行为,即正当防卫在很多情况下具有主动攻击性及破坏性的特点。正当防卫的“正当性”突出表现在它惩恶扬善、打击邪恶势力、保护合法利益、维护正义；而以有意识的主动攻击性、破坏性行为对待无意识、意志的侵害行为,这不符合正当防卫行为正当性的精神,也不符合人道主义精神。
第三,在我国，正当防卫作为公民的权利,并非作为制止不法侵害的最后手段，即使在公民有条件躲避非法侵害或求助司法机关的情况下,公民依然有权实施正当防卫。而对明知是精神病患者的侵害行为,一般不宜实行正当防卫,应尽量采取其他方法躲避侵害，只有在迫不得已的情况下才允许实施正当防卫,并且防卫的方式方法应受到限制,不应具有主动攻击性及破坏性；其行为应以制服侵害行为为主要目的,且要结合侵害行为的方式、方法及采用的侵害工具等方面分析从而采取最佳的制止侵害行为的方法。当然,在必要时候也可采取一定的反击行为,但不能采取主动打击等破坏性的手段。这样既体现了人道主义精神,又能防止不法侵害的发生。
作者：彭箭 江西省吉水县人民法院
人民法院报8月9日第3版刊登《对患精神病的侵害者可否进行正当防卫》一文,该文作者认为:在知道侵害者是精神病人时,应当允许正当防卫。对此,笔者认为:对患精神病的侵害者不宜实施正当防卫。
首先,精神病人对其侵害结果不承担刑事责任是由于精神病会引起精神病人在意识、感知、思维、情感或智能等方面的障碍,导致其丧失辨认自己行为的性质、危害程度、刑事违法性的能力,且丧失控制自己行为的方向、方式、程度的能力。同样,精神病侵害者对防卫人防卫行为的目的、防卫能力，包括体力和心理素质方面等都无法辨认,也无法在该辨认的基础上控制自己的侵害行为,这就无法使防卫人从心理上制止精神病患者的侵害行为,从而达到防卫的目的,而很有可能造成两败俱伤的后果。
其次,精神病患者虽然实施了客观上的危害行为,但其主观上没有罪过;而正当防卫行为属于防卫人的意识、意志行为,虽然其具有合法目的,但正当防卫从其客观表现而言,它在很多情况下应该是积极主动打击不法侵害者,阻止不法侵害行为继续进行的行为,即正当防卫在很多情况下具有主动攻击性及破坏性的特点。正当防卫的“正当性”突出表现在它惩恶扬善、打击邪恶势力、保护合法利益、维护正义；而以有意识的主动攻击性、破坏性行为对待无意识、意志的侵害行为,这不符合正当防卫行为正当性的精神,也不符合人道主义精神。
第三,在我国，正当防卫作为公民的权利,并非作为制止不法侵害的最后手段，即使在公民有条件躲避非法侵害或求助司法机关的情况下,公民依然有权实施正当防卫。而对明知是精神病患者的侵害行为,一般不宜实行正当防卫,应尽量采取其他方法躲避侵害，只有在迫不得已的情况下才允许实施正当防卫,并且防卫的方式方法应受到限制,不应具有主动攻击性及破坏性；其行为应以制服侵害行为为主要目的,且要结合侵害行为的方式、方法及采用的侵害工具等方面分析从而采取最佳的制止侵害行为的方法。当然,在必要时候也可采取一定的反击行为,但不能采取主动打击等破坏性的手段。这样既体现了人道主义精神,又能防止不法侵害的发生。
下载地址: 点击此处下载
学校红十字会工作暂行规程
学校红十字会工作暂行规程
1988年6月21日，中国红十字总会 国家教委
第一条 根据《中国红十字会章程》，结合学校的实际，制定本规程。
第二条 学校红十字会是红十字会的基层组织。是以学生为主体，师生共同参加的卫生救护、社会福利团体，接受学校的行政领导和上级红十字会的指导。学校红十字会以人道主义精神通过各项活动，为加强精神文明建设，贯彻国家的教育方针，培养有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律，德育、智育、体育、美育全面发展的一代新人服务。
第三条 学校红十字会的基本任务是：
（一）学习、宣传红十字会的人道主义宗旨和会务知识。
（二）根据青少年的不同年龄、不同知识层次，开展相应的卫生救护知识教育和有关的活动。
（三）在校内外广泛开展体现红十字精神的救死扶伤、扶危济困、敬老助残、尊师爱幼、助人为乐等活动。
小学要着重培养青少年良好的卫生习惯，小学高年级可学习一般小伤小病的处理常识。
中学（中专）要对青少年进行青春期卫生知识，及预防常见病、多发病的教育，掌握一般小伤小病的处理，中学高年级可学习意外伤害的初步急救常识。
大、专院校除进行卫生救护知识训练外，要积极宣传血液的生理知识和献血的意义，动员和组织会员参加公民义务献血活动。
大、中专院校红十字会还应积极配合学校，组织与专业有关的社会调查和社会实践活动。
（四）开展与各国红十字青少年之间的友好交往活动。
（五）教职员工会员除参加学校红十字会统一组织的活动外，要具体指导青少年会员的日常活动。
第四条 学校的师生员工，凡符合《中国红十字会章程》的有关规定者，由本人自愿申请，校红十字会批准，均可成为红十字会会员。对入会者，登记备案，发给“会员证”和“会徽”。中、小学（包括中专）的学生会员称红十字青少年会员，大、专院校的学生会员称红十字青年会员。
第五条 会员都享有和承担《中国红十字会章程》规定的权利和义务。会员交纳会费的原则是：每学期交纳一次，数额不限，用于红十字活动。毕业、转学或参加工作的学生会员，凭原会员证直接到新单位的红十字会组织报到，登记注册，不需再办理入会手续。转入单位没有红十字组织的，可保留会籍。
第六条 学校红十字组织的名称是在“红十字会”前冠以校名。大、专院校所属的学院或系可设立下一级红十字会组织。
第七条 学校红十字会实行民主集中制，最高权力机构是会员代表大会。
会员代表大会一般每1－2年召开一次，必要时可提前或延期召开。其职权是：
（一）听取和讨论理事会（或红十字会主管干部）的工作报告；
（二）选举校理事会理事；
（三）修改有关制度或规定。
第八条 大、专院校红十字会的常设领导机构是学校红十字会理事会。会长由校级领导担任，副会长和理事由学校有关部门负责人、校医和青年会员代表担任。理事会闭会期间，由会长、副会长和正、副秘书长组成常务理事会，负责执行代表大会和理事会的决议，并负责日常工作。
中、小学红十字会可不设理事会，会长由校级领导担任。副会长、秘书由有关部门负责人和校医（保健教师）担任，并负责日常工作。
学校可根据会员人数，在学生（按年级或班级）和教职员工中分别建立会员小组。
第九条 学校要把红十字会工作列入学校工作议事日程。校红十字会要定期研究红十字青少年工作，使其活动制度化、多样化、知识化、趣味化，符合学校实际，富有教育意义，促进青少年身心健康成长。学校红十字会要设立红十字活动的场所。学校红十字青少年要与共青团、少先队、学生会等群众组织密切配合，开展活动。
第十条 学校红十字会的经费除来源于会费外，学校在可能的条件下，应酌情给予补助。
第十一条 被评为先进会员称号的红十字青年（青少年）会员，由学校记入学生档案。
第十二条 本规程在全国已建立红十字会的大、中、小学校施行。
外商投资国际海运业管理规定(附英文)
外商投资国际海运业管理规定
中华人民共和国交通部
中华人民共和国商务部
令
2004年第1号
现公布《外商投资国际海运业管理规定》，自2004年6月1日起施行。
交通部部长 张春贤
商务部部长 薄熙来
二○○四年二月二十五日
外商投资国际海运业管理规定
第一条 为规范对外商在中国境内设立外商投资企业从事国际海上运输业务以及与国际海上运输相关的辅助性经营业务的管理，保护中外投资者的合法权益，根据《中华人民共和国国际海运条例》（以下简称《海运条例》）和中华人民共和国外商投资的有关法律、行政法规，制定本规定。
第二条 外商在中国境内投资经营国际海上运输业务以及与国际海上运输相关的辅助性经营业务（以下简称国际海运业），适用本规定。
第三条 中华人民共和国交通部和商务部及其授权的部门负责外商在中华人民共和国境内投资设立经营国际海运业的外商投资企业的审批和管理工作。
第四条 经交通部和商务部批准，允许外商采用以下形式投资经营国际海运业：
（一）设立中外合资、中外合作企业经营国际船舶运输、国际船舶代理、国际船舶管理、国际海运货物装卸、国际海运集装箱站和堆场业务；
（二）设立中外合资、中外合作、外商独资企业经营国际海运货物仓储业务；
（三）设立中外合资、中外合作、外商独资企业为投资者拥有或者经营的船舶提供日常业务服务。
第五条 设立外商投资国际船舶运输企业，需符合如下条件：
（一）有与经营国际海上运输业务相适应的船舶，其中必须有中国籍船舶；
（二）投入运营的船舶符合国家规定的海上交通安全技术标准；
（三）有提单、客票或者多式联运单证；
（四）有具备交通部规定的从业资格的高级业务管理人员；
（五）以中外合资或中外合作企业形式设立，外商的出资比例不得超过49%；
（六）企业的董事长和总经理，由投资各方协商后由中方指定；
（七）法律、行政法规规定的其他条件。
第六条 设立外商投资企业经营国际船舶运输业务，应当首先根据《海运条例》及《中华人民共和国海运条例实施细则》（以下简称《海运条例实施细则》）的规定向交通部提出申请，经交通部许可后，申请人应根据国家外商投资法律、行政法规的规定，凭交通部的许可文件向商务部提交本规定第十五条规定的文件，到商务部办理外商投资企业的设立审批手续，取得《外商投资企业批准证书》。
申请人应当持交通部的许可文件和商务部颁发的《外商投资企业批准证书》等有关文件，依法向工商行政管理机关办理工商登记，领取营业执照。
外商投资国际船舶运输企业依法设立后，申请人应当持工商行政管理机关颁发的营业执照向交通部申领《国际船舶运输经营许可证》，取得许可证书后方可从事国际船舶运输经营活动。
第七条 设立外商投资国际船舶代理企业，需符合如下条件：
（一）高级业务管理人员中至少2人具有3年以上从事国际海上运输经营活动的经历。高级业务管理人员是指具有中级或中级以上职称、在国际海运企业或者国际海运辅助企业任部门经理以上职务的中国公民；
（二）有固定的营业场所和必要的营业设施，包括具有同港口和海关等部门进行电子数据交换的能力；
（三）以中外合资或中外合作企业形式设立，外商出资比例不得超过49%；
（四）法律、行政法规规定的其他条件。
第八条 设立外商投资企业经营国际船舶代理业务，应当首先根据《海运条例》及《海运条例实施细则》的规定向交通部提出申请，经交通部许可后，申请人应根据国家外商投资法律、行政法规的规定，凭交通部的许可文件向商务部提交本规定第十五条规定的文件，到商务部办理外商投资企业的设立审批手续，取得《外商投资企业批准证书》。
申请人应当持交通部的许可文件和商务部颁发的《外商投资企业批准证书》等有关文件，依法向工商行政管理机关办理工商登记，领取营业执照。
外商投资国际船舶代理企业依法设立后，申请人应当持工商行政管理机关颁发的营业执照向交通部申领《国际船舶代理经营资格登记证》，取得资格登记证后方可从事国际船舶代理经营活动。
第九条 设立外商投资国际船舶管理企业，需具备下列条件：
（一）高级业务管理人员中至少2人具有3年以上从事国际海上运输经营活动的经历；
（二）有持有与所管理船舶种类和航区相适应的船长、轮机长适任证书的人员；
（三）有与国际船舶管理业务相适应的设备、设施。
第十条 设立外商投资企业经营国际船舶管理业务，应当根据《海运条例》及《海运条例实施细则》的规定向交通部提出申请，经交通部许可后，申请人凭交通部的许可文件并提交本规定第十五条规定的材料，根据国家有关外商投资的法律、行政法规的规定向企业所在地省级人民政府商务主管部门办理《外商投资企业批准证书》。
外商投资国际船舶管理企业依法设立后，申请人应当持工商行政管理机关颁发的营业执照向企业所在地的省级人民政府交通主管部门申领《国际海运辅助业经营资格登记证》，取得登记证书后方可从事国际船舶管理经营活动。
第十一条 设立外商投资企业经营国际海运集装箱站和堆场业务、国际海运货物仓储，应当根据《海运条例》及《海运条例实施细则》的规定向交通部提出申请，经交通部许可后，申请人凭交通部的许可文件并提交本规定第十五条规定的材料，根据国家有关外商投资的法律、行政法规的规定向企业所在地省级人民政府商务主管部门办理《外商投资企业批准证书》。
外商投资国际海运集装箱站和堆场企业、国际海运货物仓储企业依法设立后，申请人应当持工商行政管理机关颁发的营业执照向企业所在地的省级人民政府交通主管部门申领《国际海运辅助业经营资格登记证》，取得登记证书后方可从事相关业务。
外商投资设立国际海运货物装卸企业，依照国家有关规定办理。
第十二条 对已经设立的外商投资企业申请增加经营国际海运或国际海运辅助性业务，应当按照本规定中设立相关外商投资国际海运企业的程序办理相应手续。
已经设立的外商投资国际海运企业设立分支机构，应当按照有关外商投资法律、行政法规的规定和《海运条例》及《海运条例实施细则》的规定分别到交通部和商务部或其授权的部门办理相应手续。
已经设立的外商投资国际海运企业的合营合同、公司章程中有关出资、股权结构、经营范围等重要内容进行变更的，应当按照有关外商投资法律、行政法规的规定到商务部或其授权部门办理相关手续。变更《海运条例实施细则》第二十一条规定事项的，应当向交通部备案。
第十三条 外国航运公司可以设立中外合资、中外合作、外商独资企业，为投资者拥有或者经营的船舶提供承揽货物、代签提单、代结运费、代签服务合同等日常业务服务，其申请设立程序依照交通部与商务部联合发布的外商独资船务公司审批管理的有关规定办理。
第十四条 在中国境内的外商投资企业经营无船承运业务，应依照《海运条例》及《海运条例实施细则》的规定，向交通部申请登记取得《无船承运业务经营资格登记证》，并依照外商投资的有关法律、行政法规的规定，到商务部办理审批手续。
第十五条 申请人向交通部提出申请，应当提交《海运条例》及《海运条例实施细则》规定的材料；向商务部或其授权部门提出申请的，应向审批机关提交如下材料：
（一） 申请书；
（二） 可行性研究报告；
（三）合营合同和合营公司章程（独资企业只报送章程）；
（四）投资者注册登记证明文件及资信证明文件；
（五）拟设立企业董事长和总经理的身份证明；
（六）法律、行政法规要求的其他文件。
第十六条 中国香港特别行政区、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区的投资者在中国其他省、自治区和直辖市投资设立国际海运及其国际海运辅助企业，参照本规定办理。
第十七条 根据国务院批准的《内地与香港关于建立更紧密经贸关系的安排》、《内地与澳门关于建立更紧密经贸关系的安排》及其附件的有关规定，自2004年1月1日起，允许香港和澳门的服务提供者在内地设立独资企业经营国际船舶管理、国际海运货物仓储、国际海运集装箱站和堆场、无船承运业务；允许香港和澳门的服务提供者在内地设立独资船务公司，为其拥有或者经营的船舶提供揽货、签发提单、结算运费、签订服务合同等日常业务服务。
第十八条 本规定由交通部和商务部负责解释。
第十九条 本规定自2004年5月1日起施行。
PROVISIONS ON ADMINISTRATION OF FOREIGN INVESTMENT IN INTERNATIONAL MARITIME TRANSPORTATION
(Promulgated by Decree No. 1 of the Ministry of Communications and the Ministry of Commerce on March 2nd, 2004, and effective as of June 1st, 2004)
Article 1 These Provisions are formulated in accordance with the Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on International Maritime Transportation (hereinafter referred to as the Maritime Transportation Regulations) and the relevant laws and administrative regulations of the People’s Republic of China on foreign investment, for the purposes of regulating the establishment of foreign-funded enterprises by foreign investors to engage in international maritime transportation business and auxiliary business relating thereto and safeguarding the lawful rights and interests of Chinese and foreign investors.
Article 2 These Provisions are applicable to the investment in and operation of international maritime transportation business and auxiliary businesses relating thereto (hereinafter referred to as international maritime transportation) by foreign investors within the territory of China.
Article 3 The Ministry of Communications and the Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China as well as their authorized agencies are responsible for the approval and administration of the establishment of foreign-funded enterprises within the territory of the People’s Republic of China by foreign investors to engage in international maritime transportation.
Article 4 With the approval of the Ministry of Communications and the Ministry of Commerce, a foreign investor may invest in and operate international maritime transportation in the following forms:
(1) to establish a Chinese-foreign equity joint venture or a Chinese-foreign contractual joint venture to engage in international shipping services, international shipping agency services, international ship management services, loading and unloading of international shipments and international maritime container freight station and container yard services;
(2) to establish a Chinese-foreign equity joint venture, a Chinese-foreign contractual joint venture or a wholly foreign-owned enterprise to engage in international maritime cargo warehousing services;
(3) to establish a Chinese-foreign equity joint venture, a Chinese-foreign contractual joint venture or a wholly foreign-owned enterprise to offer routine services for the vessels owned or operated by the investor.
Article 5 A foreign-funded international shipping enterprise to be established shall meet the following conditions:
(1) having vessels suitable for employment in international maritime transportation, among which there must be vessels of Chinese nationality;
(2) vessels under employment shall be in compliance with the technical standards for maritime traffic safety as set forth by the State;
(3) having bills of lading, passenger tickets or multimodal transportation documents;
(4) having senior executives with the professional qualifications as set forth by the Ministry of Communications;
(5) in case of establishing a Chinese-foreign equity joint venture or a Chinese-foreign contractual joint venture, the proportion of investment made by foreign investors shall not exceed 49%;
(6) the chairperson of the board of directors and the general manager shall be appointed by the Chinese side after consultation between the both sides;
(7) other conditions specified by laws or administrative regulations.
Article 6 Where anyone is to establish a foreign-funded enterprise to engage in international shipping services, it shall firstly make an application to the Ministry of Communications in accordance with the provisions of the Maritime Transportation Regulations and the Implementing Rules of the Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on International Maritime Transportation (hereinafter referred to as the Implementing Rules of the Maritime Transportation Regulations); if such application is approved by the Ministry of Communications, the applicant shall, in accordance with the laws and administrative regulations on foreign investment of the State and on the strength of the approval document issued by the Ministry of Communications, go through the approval procedures for establishing a foreign-funded enterprise with the Ministry of Commerce by submitting the documents specified in Article 15 of these Provisions and obtain the Approval Certificate for Foreign-funded Enterprise.
The applicant shall, by presenting the approval document issued by the Ministry of Communications, the Approval Certificate for Foreign-funded Enterprise issued by the Ministry of Commerce and other relevant documents, go through the industrial and commercial registration formalities with the administrative department for industry and commerce according to law and obtain the business license.
After the establishment of a foreign-funded international shipping enterprise, the applicant shall, by presenting the business license issued by the administrative department for industry and commerce, apply to the Ministry of Communications for obtaining the Permit for Operation of International Shipping Services. Only those that have obtained such Permit may engage international shipping services.
Article 7 A foreign-funded international shipping agency enterprise to be established shall meet the following conditions:
(1) having at least two senior executives with no less than three years’ experience in international maritime transportation business operations. The term “senior executives” refers to Chinese citizens who have secondary or higher technical or academic titles and serve as department managers or above in enterprises engaging in international maritime transportation business or the auxiliary business relating thereto;
(2) having a fixed place of business and necessary business facilities, including the ability to have electronic data interchange (EDI) with ports, the Customs and other departments;
(3) in case of establishing a Chinese-foreign equity joint venture or a Chinese-foreign contractual joint venture, the proportion of investment made by foreign investors shall not exceed 49%;
(4) other conditions specified by laws or administrative regulations.
Article 8 Where anyone is to establish a foreign-funded enterprise to engage in international shipping agency services, it shall firstly make an application to the Ministry of Communications in accordance with the provisions of the Maritime Transportation Regulations and the Implementing Rules of the Maritime Transportation Regulations; if such application is approved by the Ministry of Communications, the applicant shall, in accordance with the laws and administrative regulations on foreign investment of the State and on the strength of the approval document issued by the Ministry of Communications, go through the approval procedures for establishing a foreign-funded enterprise with the Ministry of Commerce by submitting the documents specified in Article 15 of these Provisions and obtain the Approval Certificate for Foreign-funded Enterprise.
The applicant shall, by presenting the approval document issued by the Ministry of Communications, the Approval Certificate for Foreign-funded Enterprise issued by the Ministry of Commerce and other relevant documents, go through the industrial and commercial registration formalities with the administrative department for industry and commerce according to law and obtain the business license.
After the establishment of a foreign-funded international shipping agency enterprise, the applicant shall, by presenting the business license issued by the administrative department for industry and commerce, apply to the Ministry of Communications for obtaining the Registration for Operation of International Shipping Agency Services. Only those that have obtained such Registration may engage international shipping agency services.
Article 9 A foreign-funded international ship management enterprise to be established shall meet the following conditions:
(1) having at least two senior executives with no less than three years’ experience in international maritime transportation business operations;
(2) having staff members in possession of master’s or chief engineer’s documents of competence that are commensurate with the types of vessels under their management and the navigation zones;
(3) having the equipment or facilities commensurate with the international ship management services.
Article 10 Where anyone is to establish a foreign-funded enterprise to engage in international ship management services, it shall firstly make an application to the Ministry of Communications in accordance with the provisions of the Maritime Transportation Regulations and the Implementing Rules of the Maritime Transportation Regulations; if such application is approved by the Ministry of Communications, the applicant shall, in accordance with the laws and administrative regulations on foreign investment of the State and on the strength of the approval document issued by the Ministry of Communications, go through the approval procedures for obtaining the Approval Certificate for Foreign-funded Enterprise with the competent commerce administration department of the people’s government of the province where such enterprise is to be located by submitting the documents specified in Article 15 of these Provisions.
After the establishment of a foreign-funded international ship management enterprise, the applicant shall, by presenting the business license issued by the administrative department for industry and commerce, apply to the competent communications administration department of the people’s government of the province where such enterprise is located for obtaining the Registration for Operation of Auxiliary Businesses Relating to International Maritime Transportation. Only those that have obtained such Registration may engage in international ship management services.
Article 11 Where anyone is to establish a foreign-funded enterprise to engage in international maritime container freight station and container yard services or international maritime cargo warehousing services, it shall firstly make an application to the Ministry of Communications in accordance with the provisions of the Maritime Transportation Regulations and the Implementing Rules of the Maritime Transportation Regulations; if such application is approved by the Ministry of Communications, the applicant shall, in accordance with the laws and administrative regulations on foreign investment of the State and on the strength of the approval document issued by the Ministry of Communications, go through the approval procedures for obtaining the Approval Certificate for Foreign-funded Enterprise with the competent commerce administration department of the people’s government of the province where such enterprise is to be located by submitting the documents specified in Article 15 of these Provisions.
After the establishment of a foreign-funded enterprise engaging in international maritime container freight station and container yard services or international maritime cargo warehousing services, the applicant shall, by presenting the business license issued by the administrative department for industry and commerce, apply to the competent communications administration department of the people’s government of the province where such enterprise is located for obtaining the Registration for Operation of Auxiliary Businesses Relating to International Maritime Transportation. Only those that have obtained such Registration may engage in the relevant services.
The establishment of a foreign-funded enterprise engaging in loading and unloading of international shipments shall be governed by the relevant provisions of the State.
Article 12 Where an established foreign-funded enterprise applies to add international maritime transportation business or the auxiliary business relating thereto to its business scope, it shall go through the corresponding formalities in accordance with the procedures for establishing a foreign-funded enterprise engaging in specific international maritime transportation businesses set forth in these Provisions.
Where an established foreign-funded enterprise engaging in international maritime transportation is to establish branches, it shall go through the corresponding formalities with the Ministry of Communications and the Ministry of Commerce or their authorized agencies in accordance with the laws and administrative regulations on foreign investment of the State, the Maritime Transportation Regulations and the Implementing Rules of the Maritime Transportation Regulations.
Where an established foreign-funded enterprise engaging in international maritime transportation is to modify the essential contents such as investment contribution, structure of the shares or scope of business of its contact of joint venture or articles of association, it shall go through the corresponding formalities with the Ministry of Commerce or its authorized agencies in accordance with the laws and administrative regulations on foreign investment of the State. Any modification to the matters specified in Article 21 of the Implementing Rules of the Maritime Transportation Regulations shall be filed with the Ministry of Communications for the record.
Article 13 A foreign company engaging in shipping may establish a Chinese-foreign equity joint venture, Chinese-foreign contractual joint venture or wholly foreign-owned enterprise to offer such routine services as canvassing of cargoes, issuance of bills of lading, settlement of freight and signing of service contracts for the vessels owned or operated by investors. The procedures for establishment application of such an enterprise shall be governed by the relevant provisions jointly issued by the Ministry of Communications and the Ministry of Commerce on approval of establishment of wholly foreign-owned shipping companies.
Article 14 Where a foreign-funded enterprise within the territory of China is to engage in non-vessel-operating services, it shall, in accordance with the provisions of the Maritime Transportation Regulations and the Implementing Rules of the Maritime Transportation Regulations, make an application to the Ministry of Communications for registration and obtaining the Registration of Non-vessel-operating Services Qualification, and go through the approval formalities with the Ministry of Commerce in accordance with the relevant laws and administrative regulations on foreign investment of the State.
Article 15 Where an applicant makes an application to the Ministry of Communications, it shall submit the documents specified in the Maritime Transportation Regulations and the Implementing Rules of the Maritime Transportation Regulations. Where an applicant makes an application to the Ministry of Commerce or its authorized agencies, he shall submit the following documents:
(1) the letter of application;
(2) the feasibility study report;
(3) the contract of the joint venture and the articles of association of the company (in case of a wholly foreign-owned company, the articles of association of the company only);
(4) the registration certificate and credit-standing certificate of investors;
(5) the identity certification of the chairperson of the board of directors and the general manager of the enterprise to be established;
(6) other documents required by laws or administrative regulations.
Article 16 These Provisions are mutatis mutandis applicable to the establishment of enterprises engaging in international maritime transportation and the auxiliary services relating thereto in other provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government by the investors form Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macao Special Administrative Region or Taiwan region.
Article 17 In accordance with the relevant provisions of the Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement, the Mainland and Macao Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement and their Annexes, from January 1st, 2004, service suppliers from Hong Kong or Macao may established a wholly Hong Kong or Macao-owned enterprise in Chinese mainland to engage in international ship management services, international maritime cargo warehousing, international maritime container freight station and container yard services, and non-vessel-operating services; they may also establish a wholly Hong Kong or Macao-owned shipping company in Chinese mainland to offer such routine services as canvassing of cargoes, issuance of bills of lading, settlement of freight and signing of service contracts for their owned or operated vessels.
Article 18 The Ministry of Communications and the Ministry of Commerce are responsible for the interpretation of these Provisions.
Article 19 These Provisions shall take effect as of June 1st, 2004.
